Parameter upgrade system

ABSTRACT

A physiological monitor has a sensor port configured to attach and communicate with a sensor. A processor board is in communications with the sensor port and has a board digital signal processor (DSP). Firmware residing on the processor board is executable by the board DSP so as to calculate physiological parameters in response to a sensor signal received from the sensor. Upgrade tools are individually attachable to the sensor port in lieu of the sensor so as to designate to the processor board which of the physiological parameters, if any, to calculate when the sensor is attached to the sensor port.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/757,925, filed Jun. 4, 2007, entitled “Parameter Upgrade System,” which claims priority benefit to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/811,001, filed Jun. 5, 2006, entitled “Parameter Upgrade System,” each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Physiological monitoring systems include patient monitors and corresponding noninvasive sensors for measuring constituents of circulating blood. Such patient monitoring systems have gained rapid acceptance in a wide variety of medical applications, including surgical wards, intensive care and neonatal units, general wards, home care, physical training and virtually all types of monitoring scenarios. A noninvasive sensor having light emitting diodes (LEDs) transmits optical radiation into a tissue site. A detector responds to the intensity of the optical radiation after absorption by pulsatile blood flow within the tissue site. Based upon this response, a patient monitor determines measurements for physiological parameters such as oxygen saturation, pulse rate and perfusion among others. Advanced patient monitors utilizing multiple wavelength sensors determine measurements for other physiological parameters, such as carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin, as examples.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A parameter upgrade system works in conjunction with a physiological monitoring system to advantageously allow a manufacturer to stock and distribute processor boards capable of measuring various combinations of physiological parameters without assigning a multitude of part numbers for each of these possible combinations. Also a parameter upgrade system easily configures processor board firmware according to the desired parameters. Firmware configuration of a processor board can be made at a place of board production, at a place of board integration into a host instrument and at end-user facilities, such as clinics or hospitals.

A parameter upgrade system advantageously uses a relatively small update tool that plugs into the sensor port of a physiological monitor so as to custom-configure the monitor's processor board with added physiological parameters. Each parameter can be added individually by a specific update tool. Additional parameters can be added in future upgrades as user requirements change. Upgrade tools can interface with various computer platforms, referred to herein generically as PCs, and be flexibly programmed, uploaded and downloaded utilizing PC-based manufacturer and field applications. Accordingly, upgrade tools have the ability to bring processor board firmware up to date and to capture and upload the history and status of multiple processor boards.

As used herein, “processor boards” refers to the hardware, including electrical and electronic components and circuits; and firmware or software, or various combinations of firmware and software, including algorithms, programs, processes, procedures and data stored in non-volatile memory or otherwise, for interfacing to a physiological monitoring system, communicating with an attached sensor or sensors and/or computing, calculating or otherwise deriving physiological parameter measurements, among other functions. Although processor board hardware and firmware are typically implemented on a printed circuit board (PCB), one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that such functions can be implemented in various forms on various substrates including flexible circuits, hybrid circuits and ceramic substrates, to name a few.

In an embodiment, a parameter upgrade system functions in conjunction with physiological monitoring systems that include low noise optical sensors and pulse oximetry monitors, such as any of LNOP® adhesive or reusable sensors, SofTouch™ sensors, Hi-Fi Trauma™ or Blue™ sensors; and any of Radical®, SatShare™, Rad-9™, Rad-5™, Rad-5v™ or PPO+™ Masimo SET® pulse oximeters, all available from Masimo Corporation (“Masimo”), Irvine, Calif. Physiological monitoring systems also include multiple wavelength sensors and corresponding noninvasive blood parameter monitors, such as Rainbow™ adhesive and reusable sensors and RAD57™ and Radical-7™ monitors for measuring SpO₂, pulse rate, perfusion index, signal quality, HbCO and HbMet among other parameters. The Rainbow™ sensors and RAD57™ and Radical-7™ monitors are available from Masimo Corporation, Irvine, Calif.

In other embodiments, low noise sensors are as described in at least U.S. Pat. No. 5,782,757. Patient monitors capable of reading through motion-induced noise are as described in at least U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,770,028; 6,658,276; 6,157,850; 6,002,952; 5,769,785; 5,758,644; and 5,632,272, all incorporated by reference herein. Further, noninvasive sensors include multiple wavelength optical sensors, such as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/376,013, filed Mar. 1, 2006, entitled “Multiple Wavelength Sensor Emitters;” and physiological monitors include noninvasive blood parameter monitors, such as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/367,033, filed Mar. 1, 2006, entitled “Noninvasive Multi-Parameter Patient Monitor,” both patent applications assigned to Masimo Laboratories, Inc., Irvine, Calif. and both incorporated by reference herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a general flow diagram of a parameter upgrade system;

FIG. 2 is an illustration of an upgrade tool incorporated with a physiological monitoring system;

FIG. 3 is a detailed block diagram of an upgrade tool incorporated with a physiological monitoring system;

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a parameter upgrade process;

FIGS. 5A-D are top, perspective, front and side views of an upgrade tool;

FIG. 6 is an exploded view of an upgrade tool;

FIGS. 7A-C are perspective, front and bottom partial assembly views of an upgrade tool;

FIGS. 8A-B is a flowchart of upgrade tool operational functions;

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of upgrade tool read functions;

FIG. 10 is a flowchart of upgrade tool maintenance functions;

FIG. 11 is an illustration of a field application graphical user interface (GUI);

FIG. 12 is an illustration of a manufacturer application GUI;

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a network configuration for an upgrade tool;

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a wireless configuration for upgrade tools; and

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a two-tier parameter pricing structure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS General Description

FIG. 1 illustrates a parameter upgrade system 10 embodiment having application programs 100 and upgrade tools 300. The parameter upgrade system 10 as a whole controls, facilitates, tracks and documents parameter additions and firmware version upgrades for physiological monitors 201 and, in particular, for a processor board 200 located within the monitor 201. The parameter upgrade system 10 is used throughout the lifespan of the processor boards 300 to control which parameters and which revision of firmware resides on the processor boards 200. This processor board lifespan includes the time from manufacturing and functional testing to the time at a customer facility, such as an OEM manufacturer, and finally to the time “in the field” at an end-user facility, such as a hospital or medical center.

As shown in FIG. 1, upgrade tools 300 are hardware devices that provide a functional interface to processor boards 200. Upgrade tools 300 include a factory upgrade tool, a board enable tool, an end-user upgrade tool and a demo tool, as described with respect to FIG. 4, below. Each upgrade tool 300 operates independently from other tools and from the application programs 100 to perform a unique function or set of functions according to its firmware configuration. These functions include processor board firmware updates, parameter upgrades and the final enabling of processor boards. Upgrade tools 300 also retrieve logged data from the processor boards 200 they have upgraded.

Also shown in FIG. 1, a manufacturer application 110, configured to run on a PC for example, is used to initially configure the upgrade tool's functionality and assign the appropriate type and number of allowed parameter upgrades and firmware version updates. The manufacturer application 110 also reads and reports on the current status of an upgrade tool 300. Further, the manufacturer application 110 collects and documents logged data from the upgrade tool itself as well as logged data that the upgrade tool collected from processor boards 200 during upgrade sessions.

Further shown in FIG. 1, a field application 120, also configured to run on a PC, is used to read from and report on the current status of an upgrade tool 300 in the field, i.e. at an end-user facility. The field application 120 performs reading, collecting and reporting operations similar to the manufacturer application 110. The field application 120 also sends collected data and status back to the manufacturer, such as by email or other Internet connection. In an embodiment, the field application 120 is not be capable of configuring an upgrade tool 300.

FIG. 2 illustrates a physiological monitoring system 20 including a physiological monitor 201, a sensor 30 and an interconnecting cable 50 having a monitor connector 70. The sensor 30 attaches to a patient tissue site 5, such as a fingertip. In an operational configuration (not shown), the monitor connector 70 connects to a sensor port 210 on the monitor 201. The monitor 201 operates in conjunction with the sensor 30 so as to measure and display physiological parameters of a living being, such as a patient, as described above and in further detail below. In particular, the sensor 30 is in communications with an internal processor board 200 (FIG. 3) via a sensor port 210, so that the processor board 200 (FIG. 3) can calculate physiological parameters responsive to sensor signals. In an upgrade configuration as shown, an upgrade tool 300 connects to the sensor port 210 on the monitor 201 so as to communicate with a processor board 200 (FIG. 3), upgrade processor board parameters or enable the processor board, as described in further detail below. A sensor port usable as an input/output port is disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 10/898,680, filed on Jul. 23, 2004, titled Multipurpose Sensor Port, which is assigned to Masimo Corporation and incorporated by reference herein.

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an upgrade tool 300 incorporated with physiological monitoring system 20 (FIG. 2). The portion of the physiological monitoring system shown includes a sensor 30 and a processor board 200. In an operational mode, the sensor port connector 70 of the sensor 30 connects to a monitor sensor port 210, which is wired to the processor board 200. In this manner, the processor board 200 communicates with the sensor 30 to receive one or more intensity signal(s) indicative of one or more physiological parameters. The processor board 200 also communicates with a host instrument (not shown) via an instrument manager 260 so as to display determined parameter values calculated using the one or more intensity signals. According to an embodiment, the processor board 200 comprises processing circuitry arranged on one or more printed circuit boards capable of installation into a physiological monitor 201 (FIG. 2) or capable of being distributed as some or all of one or more OEM components for a wide variety of host instruments monitoring a wide variety of patient parameters. In an embodiment, the processor board 200 comprises drivers 230, a front-end 220, a digital signal processor (“DSP”) 240 and an instrument manager 260. In general, the drivers 230 convert digital control signals into analog drive signals capable of driving sensor emitters 32. The front-end 220 converts composite analog intensity signal(s) from light sensitive detector(s) 34 into digital data input to the DSP 240. The DSP 240 has associated non-volatile memory (not shown) that stores firmware executed by the DSP, such as for deriving physiological parameter measurements.

As shown in FIG. 3, the sensor 30 includes a plurality of emitters 32 irradiating a tissue site 5 with differing wavelengths of light, and one or more detectors 34 capable of detecting the light after attenuation by the tissue 5. The processor board 200 inputs a corresponding sensor signal and is configured to determine the relative concentrations of blood constituents such as HbO₂, Hb, HbCO, HbMet and derive parameters such as fractional oxygen saturation, Hbt and blood glucose to name a few. For example, the sensor may be as described in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/367,013 titled Multiple Wavelength Sensor Emitters, cited above.

FIG. 3 also illustrates an upgrade tool 300, which can be programmed as a factory upgrade tool 401 (FIG. 3), a board enable tool 403 (FIG. 3), or an end-user upgrade tool 405 (FIG. 3). The upgrade tool 300 has a DSP 310, nonvolatile memory 320, an information element 330, an I/O port connector 340 and a sensor port connector 350. The DSP 310 performs the various upgrade tool functions, described with respect to FIGS. 8-10, below. The nonvolatile memory 320 stores upload and download data transmitted to and received from the I/O port 340 via an external communications path. The nonvolatile memory 320 also stores upload and download data transmitted to and received from the sensor port connector 350 via the COMM communications path 270. In an embodiment, an information element 330 may be, for example, a Dallas Semiconductor DS2506 EPROM available from Maxim Integrated Products, Inc., Sunnyvale, Calif., or equivalent. In an embodiment, IE NETWORK 250 comprises a signal conductor for transmitting and receiving serial data and a corresponding ground conductor. An information element network is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/367,036, filed Mar. 1, 2006 entitled Configurable Physiological Measurement System, which is assigned to Masimo and incorporated by reference herein. In an embodiment, the DSP is a SHARC processing device, such as available from Analog Devices. In an embodiment, COMM 270 is a bidirectional synchronous serial communications path such as implemented by one or more SPORTs (synchronous serial ports) on a SHARC DSP. In an embodiment, the I/O port connector 340 mechanically conforms with and the signals communicated thereby electrically conform with the USB (Universal Serial Bus) standard. In embodiments, the I/O port connector 340 may mechanically conform, and the signals communicated thereby electrically conform, with any of many other serial or parallel, wired or wireless interfaces, such as RS-232, IEEE-488, SCSI, IEEE 1394 (Firewire), IEEE 802.11 and expansions thereof and IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth), to name just a few.

In an embodiment, the I/O port connector 340 mechanically conforms, and the signals communicated thereby electrically conform, with the Ethernet network standard (IEEE 802.3). Although the update tool is shown with a single I/O port connector 340, the update tool 300 may have multiple I/O ports conforming to various interface and network standards. Further, the update tool 300 may have one or more wireless transceivers in communications with the DSP 310 that conform to one or more wireless standards, such as IEEE 802.11 and expansions thereof and Bluetooth.

Further shown in FIG. 3, in addition to adding parameters to the processor board, the upgrade tool 300 can be used to update processor board firmware and download processor board data. In particular, the upgrade tool 300 communicates via a sensor port connector 350 with a physiological monitor 201 (FIG. 2) and via an I/O port connector 340 with a digital I/O device. The digital I/O device may be a PC, PDA, cellphone, pager, computer-on-wheels (COW) to name a few, or other device having a data memory and interface for communicating with the upgrade tool 300. In an embodiment, the upgrade tool 300 downloads firmware updates from a digital I/O device to nonvolatile memory 320 and uploads those updates to a physiological monitor 210 (FIG. 2). In an embodiment, the upgrade tool 300 downloads processor board data to nonvolatile memory 320 and uploads that data to a digital I/O device.

Also shown in FIG. 3, the processor board 200 reads the info element 330 to identify the upgrade tool as such. Once identified, the processor board 200 provides power 360 to the tool. The tool DSP 310 then communicates with the board DSP 240 so as to identify the type of upgrade tool, as described with respect to FIG. 4, below.

In an embodiment, processor board data includes measurement data, operational information or manufacturer information, which can be advantageously uploaded to a PC or other digital I/O device connected to the upgrade tool 300, as described above. Measurement data may comprise patient data including raw sensor data and trend data for any one or more of the measured parameters. Operational information may comprise, for example, dates and times of operation, total operating time, failure codes and event information. Failure codes indicate, for example, processor board failures and host instrument failures. Event information includes alarm data, such as a probe off occurrence and parameter measurements outside of preset limits. Manufacturer information may comprise, as examples, service information, firmware version updates and parameter upgrade dates. Service information may include firmware upgrade history and service history, including dates and times. Processor board data may also comprise processor board identification, operational information, service information and measurement data. Board identification may include serial number and current firmware version. In an embodiment, an upgrade tool may require a significant deposit so as to encourage return to the OEM for downloading the tool data and for reuse.

In various embodiments, the upgrade tool may be connected to both a digital I/O device and a physiological monitor; the upgrade tool may be connected first to one or more digital I/O devices and then to one or more physiological monitors; or the upgrade tool may be connected to one or more physiological monitors and then to one or more digital I/O devices.

Demo Tool

A demo tool (not shown) embodiment has only an information element 330 and a sensor port connector 350. The information element 330 identifies the demo tool to the processor board 200 via the IE NETWORK 250. A processor board 200 reading the information element 330 of a connected demo tool outputs simulated measurements for available parameters. This is particularly advantageous for a disabled processor board 410-420 (FIG. 4), i.e. a board unable to output measurements for available parameters until the board is enabled. In this manner, a customer or other user can verify that all desired parameters are available before creating an enabled board 430 (FIG. 4) with a board enable tool 403 (FIG. 4), which locks-out further parameter upgrades with a factory upgrade tool 401 (FIG. 4), as described below.

Upgrade Process

FIG. 4 illustrates a parameter upgrade process 400 where a processor board 200 (FIG. 3) undergoes multiple upgrade stages, including a disabled board 410, a factory upgraded board 420, an enabled board 430 and an end-user upgraded board 440. Multiple upgrade tools 300 are used to transition processor boards 200 (FIG. 3) between stages, including a disabled processor board 410, a factory upgraded processor board 420, an enabled processor board 430 and an end-user upgraded processor board 440, as described below. The upgrade tools 300 include a factory upgrade tool 401, a board enable tool 403 and an end-user upgrade tool 405.

In an embodiment, to facilitate the control of parameters, the processor board firmware associates a state with each parameter. Each parameter state will track whether the parameter is “available” or not. The processor board firmware will also associate a state to the entire board. This state will track whether the entire board is “enabled” or not. Disabled boards will not output measurement data for any parameter. Once enabled, boards will output measurement data for available parameters only. Additional parameters can then be upgraded to the available state. The lifespan of a processor board can be broken into four upgrade phases with regard to an example use of the parameter upgrade system, described below.

Disabled Processor Board

A disabled processor board 410 is a newly manufactured processor boards that has passed a function test and has been programmed with released firmware. The released firmware is capable of measuring all parameters but in this initial state, a disabled processor board 410 has no “available” parameters and is “disabled,” which means that no parameter data is output from the board. In an embodiment, a functional test may upgrade a disabled processor board 410 to have a default set of available parameters, such as oxygen saturation, pulse rate and perfusion index. In another embodiment, a disabled processor board 410 is shipped to a customer with no parameters available, and the customer adds the default parameters along with additionally purchased parameters using one or more factory upgrade tools 401, as described below.

Factory Upgraded Processor Board

An upgrade tool that has been configured to function as a factory upgrade tool 401 can be used to upgrade the disabled processor board 410 to a factory upgraded processor board 420. This upgrade is with a single parameter, such as HbCO for example. After this upgrade, HbCO is referred to as being available. The board itself is still disabled and will not output HbCO parameter data. During this phase, multiple parameters can be upgraded to be available. In an embodiment, a different factory upgrade tool 401 must be used for each parameter. Available parameters for unenabled boards 410, 420 can be verified in a demo mode using a demo tool as described above.

Enabled Processor Board

An upgrade tool that has been configured to function as a board enable tool 403 is used to “enable” the factory upgraded processor board 420 to an enabled processor board 430. An enabled board 330 is capable of sending parameters to a host instrument. After the board is enabled, any available parameters will be measured and output with the appropriate sensors. Once a board is enabled, it can no longer be upgraded with a factory upgrade tool 401. From this point on, only an end-user upgrade tool 405 can be used to upgrade the board with additional parameters or firmware updates.

End-User Upgraded Board

This phase represents the rest of a processor board's lifespan. Additional parameters can be added to an enabled processor board 430 with an end-user upgrade tool 405 only and is designated an end-user upgraded processor board 440. In an embodiment, as with the factory upgrade tool 401, a different end-user upgrade tool 405 must be used for each parameter to be added. All available parameters will remain available for the remaining lifespan of the board. In an embodiment, an upgrade tool 400 also can be used during the upgrade processes described above to advantageously update processor board firmware to the latest version and to retrieve various processor board data from one or more processor boards, as described in detail below. The above describes but one example use of the parameter upgrade system.

Upgrade Tool Configuration

FIGS. 5-7 illustrate an upgrade tool 300 embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 5A-D, an upgrade tool 300 has a case 510, an I/O port connector 340 and a sensor port connector 350, as described above. In the embodiment shown, the I/O port connector 340 is a USB connector, and the sensor port connector 350 is a 20-pin connector.

As shown in FIG. 6, the case 510 has an upper cover 610 and a lower cover 620, which are attached together with fasteners 670 to enclose a circuit board 630. The circuit board 630 mechanically mounts and electrically connects the DSP 310 (FIG. 3), non-volatile memory 320 (FIG. 3) and info element 330 (FIG. 3) and associated “glue” circuits, conductors and components. The sensor port connector 350 has a connector block 640, a clip 650, a shell 660 and a cable 670. The cable 670 interconnects the connector block 640 and the circuit board 630. The connector block 640 provides pins for electrically attaching wires from one end of the cable 670 and connector contacts for mating with corresponding sensor port 210 (FIG. 1) contacts. The clip 650 provides a finger releasable hold to the sensor port 210 (FIG. 1) connector. The shell 660 houses the connector block 640 and clip 650 and provides a strain relief mount to the case 510.

As shown in FIGS. 7A-C, a circuit board assembly 700 has the sensor port connector 350 mounted to the circuit board 630 via the cable 670. The circuit board assembly 700 mounts into the upper cover 610 so that the circuit board 630 is enclosed within the case 510 (FIG. 6) and secured by the fasteners 670 (FIG. 6) and so that the I/O port connector 340 and sensor port connector 350 are exposed.

Upgrade Tool Functions

FIGS. 8-10 illustrate upgrade tool functions, which include processor board functions 800 (FIGS. 8A-B), tool reading functions 900 (FIG. 9) and tool maintenance functions 1000 (FIG. 10). Corresponding graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are described with respect to FIGS. 11 and 12, below. As shown in FIGS. 8A-B, processor board functions 800 involve upgrade tool 300 (FIG. 3) communications with a processor board 200 (FIG. 3) via the COMM path 270 (FIG. 3) and the sensor port 210 (FIG. 3). Processor board functions 800 include processor board authentication 810, parameter upgrade administration 820, uploading processor board firmware modifications 830 and downloading processor board data 840. Processor board authentication 810 includes verification that a valid processor board is connected to the sensor port. This verification includes transmission and receipt of an encrypted handshake 812 between the upgrade tool and the processor board. This handshake is successful only if the upgrade tool recognizes the processor board 814 and the processor board recognizes the tool. Processor board authentication 810 also includes board type determination 816 and matching 818 the upgrade tool type, i.e. factory tool or end-user tool to the processor board type, i.e. a disabled board 410, 420 (FIG. 4) or an enabled board 430, 440 (FIG. 4). If the processor board does not authenticate or there is a mismatch between tool type and board type, e.g. a factory tool is connected to an enabled board, then the upgrade tool performs no action 819 with respect to the connected processor board.

As shown in FIGS. 8A-B, parameter upgrade administration 820 includes reading the available parameters 822 from the processor board and verifying the tool upgrade count 826. If and only if the tool specific parameter is currently unavailable on the processor board 824 and the tool upgrade count is not zero 827, is the processor board parameter made available. Otherwise, the upgrade tool performs no action 829. The upgrade count is decremented accordingly 828.

Further shown in FIGS. 8A-B, uploading processor board firmware modification 830 includes determining if the tool contains a firmware modification 832, reading the board firmware version number 834 and replacing the processor board firmware with the tool firmware modification 838 if and only if the processor board version number is within the range defined in the tool 836. The downloading processor board data 840 includes transferring the processor board data into the tool and storing the data in tool nonvolatile memory according to a processor board identifier.

FIG. 9 illustrates the tool reading functions 900, which involve communications with an external digital device, such as a PC, via the I/O port 340 (FIG. 3). External device authentication 910 verifies that an authorized external device is accessing an upgrade tool. This verification includes receipt and transmission of an encrypted handshake between the upgrade tool and the external device 912. This handshake is successful only if the upgrade tool recognizes the external device 914. Otherwise, the tool is non-responsive 919 to the attached device. The upload tool data 920 transfers tool specific data to the external device, such as described with respect to FIG. 10, below.

FIG. 10 illustrates the tool maintenance functions 1000, which also involve communications with an external digital device, such as a PC, via the I/O port 340 (FIG. 3). Tool maintenance functions 1000 include external device authentication 1010, downloading parameter upgrades 1020 and firmware modifications 1030 from the external digital device and uploading processor board history 1040 to the external digital device. External device authentication 1010 verifies that an authorized external device is accessing an upgrade tool. This verification includes receipt and transmission of an encrypted handshake between the upgrade tool and the external device 1012. This handshake is successful only if the upgrade tool recognizes the external device 1014. Otherwise, the tool is non-responsive 1019 to the attached device. The parameter upgrade download 1020 indicates the tool parameter and the number of authorized parameter upgrades for that parameter. Further, if the external device has a processor board firmware update 1032, that firmware is downloaded into the tool 1034. Also, any processor board data previously downloaded into the tool from one or more processor boards is uploaded into the external device 1040.

PC Interface

FIGS. 11-12 illustrate a graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for a field application 120 (FIG. 1) and a manufacturer application 110 (FIG. 1), respectively. As shown in FIG. 11, in a field application GUI 1100 embodiment, a PC provides an interface for a customer or end-user to “read” a factory upgrade tool 401 (FIG. 4) or an end-user tool 405 (FIG. 4). In particular, a user can determine a tool serial number 1110, the remaining number of upgrades 1120, the tool parameter 1130, the tool type 1140 and the firmware version 1150. The process is read only, i.e. the user cannot alter the tool or read other data stored in the tool.

As shown in FIG. 12, in a manufacturer GUI 1202 embodiment, a PC provides an interface for a manufacturer to both read and modify a tool. The tool serial number 1210 can be displayed. The number of upgrades 1220, the tool parameter 1230 and the tool type 1240 can also be displayed and modified.

Networking and Wireless Applications

FIG. 13 illustrates an upgrade tool networking application 1300. An upgrade tool 300 interconnects a physiological monitor 201 via a sensor port 210 (FIG. 3) with a network 1310 via an I/O port 340 (FIG. 3), such as an Ethernet compatible interface. In this manner, the upgrade tool 300 can communicate with one or more digital I/O devices 1303, as described above, or gain access to the Internet 1304. In an embodiment, when the upgrade tool 300 is connected to the physiological monitor 201, the upgrade tool accesses a central website via the network 1310 (or a wireless connection as described below) and the Internet 1304 so as to download the latest firmware updates, which are made accessible from the website. These firmware updates are then uploaded to a corresponding processor board within the physiological monitor 201, as described above.

FIG. 14 illustrates an upgrade tool networking application 1400. In an embodiment, an upgrade tool 300 interconnects a physiological monitor 201 via a sensor port 210 (FIG. 3) with a wireless transceiver via an I/O port 340 (FIG. 3). The wireless transceiver is compliant with a wireless standard, such as IEEE-802.11 or IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth). In an embodiment, the upgrade tool 300 provides wireless communications with a wireless digital I/O device 1301. In an embodiment, the upgrade tool 300 provides wireless communications with a wireless network access point 1302. In an embodiment, the upgrade tool 300 also has a network I/O port in communications with a network, such as described with respect to FIG. 13, above, and acts as a network access point for a second wireless upgrade tool connected to a second physiological monitor 1303. In other embodiments, an upgrade tool connected to any power source and a wired or wireless downloads firmware updates or any other data and uploads stored data while in communication with a manufacturer server or other secure computer.

Tiered Parameter Pricing

FIG. 15 illustrates two-tiered parameter pricing for a processor board 200, such as described with respect to FIG. 3, above. As described above, the processor board 200 has the capability to measure multiple physiological parameters. As described above, a parameter upgrade process 400 (FIG. 4) provides a flexible pricing plan for these multiple parameters. In an embodiment, parameters can be made available individually to individual boards, providing processor boards that are custom-configurable to fit customer needs.

In an embodiment, parameter programming can occur at a factory, a customer or an end-user facility. Factory parameters 1510 include default parameters added to a newly manufactured processor board 200. Customer parameters 1520 include additional parameters added to a processor board 200 in conjunction with the incorporation of the processor board within a host instrument 201, as described with respect to FIGS. 3-4, above. End-user parameters 1530 include additional parameters that are made available to an enabled processor board 200 integrated into an operational host instrument 201 sold or otherwise provided to an end-user, such as a hospital or medical facility.

In an advantageous embodiment, a parameter upgrade system is configured so as to provide a self-enforcing, two-tier parameter pricing structure. A first tier pricing 1540 applies to factory parameters 1510 and customer parameters 1520. A second tier pricing 1550 applies to end-user parameters 1530. As one example, first tier pricing 1540 applies a lower price for one or more of the available parameters as compared to the second tier pricing 1550.

A parameter upgrade system has been disclosed in detail in connection with various embodiments. These embodiments are disclosed by way of examples only and are not to limit the scope of the claims that follow. One of ordinary skill in art will appreciate many variations and modifications. For example, in an embodiment, upgrade tools 300 (FIG. 3) spread firmware updates between processor boards in a viral manner, i.e. downloading a detected higher version firmware from a processor board and uploading the firmware to other processor boards that have lower version firmware. 

1-22. (canceled)
 23. A physiological monitor comprising: a sensor port configured for attachment and communication with a sensor and further configured for attachment and communication with a handheld upgrade tool in lieu of the sensor; one or more processors in communication with the sensor port; and a data store storing a plurality of firmware instructions, the plurality of firmware instructions comprising: a first set of firmware instructions relating to calculation of at least one first physiological parameter in response to a sensor signal received from the sensor, wherein the first set of firmware instructions is made available to the one or more processors, and a second set of firmware instructions relating to calculation of at least one second physiological parameter in response to the sensor signal received from the sensor, wherein the second set of firmware instructions is not made available to the one or more processors, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: determine that the handheld upgrade tool is attached to the sensor port, and based at least in part on a verification by the one or more processors that the handheld upgrade tool is authorized to access the physiological monitor and a verification by the handheld upgrade tool that the physiological monitor is authorized to access the handheld upgrade tool, receive an update to the plurality of firmware instructions from the handheld upgrade tool, wherein the update to the plurality of firmware instructions makes available to the one or more processors the second set of firmware instructions.
 24. The physiological monitor of claim 23, wherein the one or more processors are configured to authenticate the handheld upgrade tool for the physiological monitor by verifying that the handheld upgrade tool is authorized to access the physiological monitor.
 25. The physiological monitor of claim 23, wherein the one or more processors are configured to identify a tool type of the handheld upgrade tool.
 26. The physiological monitor of claim 25, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to determine that a board type of the one or more processors corresponds to the tool type of the handheld upgrade tool.
 27. The physiological monitor of claim 26, wherein to receive the update to the plurality of firmware instructions is further based at least in part on the determination that the board type of the one or more processors corresponds to the tool type of the handheld upgrade tool.
 28. The physiological monitor of claim 23, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, based at least in part on the verification by the one or more processors, determine that the handheld upgrade tool is not authorized to access the physiological monitor.
 29. A method for updating firmware instructions on a physiological monitor comprising: determining, using one or more processors, that a handheld upgrade tool is attached to a sensor port of a physiological monitor in lieu of a sensor; verifying, using the one or more processors, that the handheld upgrade tool is authorized to access the physiological monitor; and based at least in part on said verifying that the handheld upgrade tool is authorized to access the physiological monitor and a verification by the handheld upgrade tool that the physiological monitor is authorized to access the handheld upgrade tool, receiving from the handheld upgrade tool an update to a plurality of firmware instructions stored in a data store of the physiological monitor, wherein the plurality of firmware instructions comprises a first set of firmware instructions relating to calculation of at least one first physiological parameter in response to a sensor signal received from the sensor and a second set of firmware instructions relating to calculation of at least one second physiological parameter in response to the sensor signal received from the sensor, wherein prior to said receiving the update to the plurality of firmware instructions, the first set of firmware instructions is made available to the one or more processors and the second set of firmware instructions is not made available to the one or more processors, wherein the update to the plurality of firmware instructions makes the second set of firmware instructions available to the one or more processors.
 30. The method of claim 29, wherein said verifying that the handheld upgrade tool is authorized to access the physiological monitor authenticates the handheld upgrade tool for the physiological monitor.
 31. The method of claim 29, further comprising identifying a tool type of the handheld upgrade tool.
 32. The method of claim 31, further comprising determining that a board type of the one or more processors corresponds to the tool type of the handheld upgrade tool.
 33. The method of claim 31, wherein said receiving the update to the plurality of firmware instructions is further based at least in part on said determining that the board type of the one or more processors corresponds to the tool type of the handheld upgrade tool.
 34. The method of claim 29, further comprising, based at least in part on the verification by the one or more processors, determining that the handheld upgrade tool is not authorized to access the physiological monitor.
 35. A parameter upgrade system comprising: a handheld upgrade tool comprising a sensor port connector individually attachable to a sensor port of a physiological monitor in lieu of a sensor, the handheld upgrade tool configured to provide an update to a plurality of firmware instructions of the physiological monitor; and the physiological monitor comprising: the sensor port configured for attachment and communication with the sensor and further configured for attachment and communication with the handheld upgrade tool in lieu of the sensor, one or more processors in communication with the sensor port, and a data store storing the plurality of firmware instructions, the plurality of firmware instructions comprising: a first set of firmware instructions relating to calculation of at least one first physiological parameter in response to a sensor signal received from the sensor, wherein the first set of firmware instructions is made available to the one or more processors, and a second set of firmware instructions relating to calculation of at least one second physiological parameter in response to the sensor signal received from the sensor, wherein the second set of firmware instructions is not made available to the one or more processors, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: determine that the handheld upgrade tool is attached to the sensor port, and based at least in part on a verification by the one or more processors that the handheld upgrade tool is authorized to access the physiological monitor and a verification by the handheld upgrade tool that the physiological monitor is authorized to access the handheld upgrade tool, receive the update to the plurality of firmware instructions from the handheld upgrade tool, wherein the update to the plurality of firmware instructions makes available to the one or more processors the second set of firmware instructions.
 36. The parameter upgrade system of claim 35, wherein the one or more processors are configured to authenticate the handheld upgrade tool for the physiological monitor by verifying that the handheld upgrade tool is authorized to access the physiological monitor.
 37. The parameter upgrade system of claim 35, wherein the one or more processors are configured to identify a tool type of the handheld upgrade tool.
 38. The parameter upgrade system of claim 36, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to determine that a board type of the one or more processors corresponds to the tool type of the handheld upgrade tool.
 39. The parameter upgrade system of claim 37, wherein to receive the update to the plurality of firmware instructions is further based at least in part on the determination that the board type of the one or more processors corresponds to the tool type of the handheld upgrade tool.
 40. The parameter upgrade system of claim 35, wherein the handheld upgrade tool comprises another port connector that is different from the sensor port connector, the another port connector being configured to provide a communications path between a processor of the handheld upgrade tool and a computing device that is different from the physiological monitor.
 41. The parameter upgrade system of claim 35, wherein the handheld upgrade tool is sized to fit in the palm of a hand of a user.
 42. The parameter upgrade system of claim 35, wherein the sensor port connector of the handheld upgrade tool is configured to mate directly with the sensor port of the physiological monitor and provide a communications path between a processor of the handheld upgrade tool and the one or more processors of the physiological monitor. 